The city library includes an excellent Shakespeare collection.īirmingham (bûrˈmĭnghămˌ) 1 City (2020 pop. Annual music festivals date from 1768, and Birmingham has a noted symphony orchestra and ballet company. There is a museum and art gallery (noted for its pre-Raphaelite collection) and a museum of science and industry. Philip Neri, a Roman Catholic shrine that was formerly the parish house of John Henry Cardinal Newman. of Birmingham is in the suburb of Edgbaston, as is the Oratory of St. Also in the center of the city is the Univ. Bull Ring, in the center of Birmingham, is the site of the city's oldest market. Chad, the first Roman Catholic cathedral to be built in England after the Reformation. Philip and the 19th-century Cathedral of St. Notable buildings include the town hall, built in 1834, modeled after the temple of Castor and Pollux in Rome the 18th-century baroque-style Cathedral of St. Subsequent rebuilding resulted in modernization, especially of the city center. The area of the city was enlarged in 1891 and again in 1911 under the Greater Birmingham scheme.īirmingham was severely damaged in World War II. Birmingham was among the first English localities to have a municipal bank, a comprehensive water-supply system, and development planning. During the 1870s, while Joseph Chamberlain was mayor, Birmingham underwent a large program of municipal improvements, including slum clearance and the development of gas and water works. John Bright represented it in Parliament from 1857 to 1889. The town was enfranchised by the Reform Bill of 1832 (see under Reform Acts) and was incorporated in 1838. In 1791 a mob, incensed at his radical religious and political views, burned his home. Joseph Priestley, the discoverer of oxygen, lived for a time in Birmingham. In 1762, Matthew Boulton and James Watt founded the Soho metalworks, where they designed and built steam engines. Birmingham's industrial development and population growth accelerated in the 17th and 18th cent. In the English Civil War the town was captured by the royalists. it was also known for its many metalworks. However, manufacturing, which once dominated the economy, has been replaced by service jobs in retail and tourism.īy the 15th cent., Birmingham was a market town with a large leather and wool trade by the 16th cent. Other products include electrical equipment, paint, guns, and a wide variety of metal products. The chief industries are the manufacture of automobiles and bicycles and their components and accessories. Birmingham is Britain's second largest city (in both area and population) and is the center of water, road, and rail transportation in the Midlands. The city is equidistant from Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester, and London, England's main ports, and near the Black Country iron and coal deposits it was connected to the Staffordshire mines by the Birmingham Canal in the 18th cent. Birmingham (bûrˈmĭngəm), city and metropolitan borough (2021 city pop.
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